AIalgorithmscan be grouped into several categories, depending on the approach and the problem they are designed to solve. Each type plays a critical role in variousAIapplications, from simple decision-making to advanced machine learning.
Supervised learning algorithms
Supervised learning algorithms are used when a model is trained on labelled data. This means that the input data is paired with the correct output, allowing the algorithm to learn a mapping from inputs to outputs. Common supervised learning algorithms include linear regression, decision trees, andsupport vector machines (SVM). These algorithms are frequently used for tasks like classification, regression, and predictive analytics, where the goal is to learn from known data and make predictions for new data.
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Unsupervised learning algorithms
Unlike supervised learning, unsupervised learning algorithms work with data that does not have labelled outputs. The algorithm attempts to find hidden patterns or structures in the data. Popular unsupervised learning techniques include clustering algorithms like k-means and hierarchical clustering, as well as dimensionality reduction techniques like principal component analysis (PCA). These methods are useful in exploratory data analysis, pattern recognition, and feature extraction, helping systems to understand and organise data without explicit instructions.
Reinforcement learning algorithms
Reinforcement learning algorithms operate on a reward-based system. An AI agent interacts with its environment, taking actions and receiving feedback in the form of rewards or punishments. Over time, the agent learns the optimal strategy (or policy) to maximise cumulative rewards. Algorithms like Q-learning, deep Q-networks (DQN), and policy gradient methods are examples of reinforcement learning techniques. This approach is widely applied in robotics, game AI, and autonomous systems, where decisions must be made based on experience and feedback.
These types of algorithms form the foundation of AI, enabling machines to learn from data, recognise patterns, and make intelligent decisions across a variety of domains.
